Beyond Numbers: A Human-Centric Approach to Global Poverty, Africa's Narrative

I. Introduction

   A. Brief overview of global poverty

   B. Importance of understanding poverty dynamics

II. Historical Context

   A. Evolution of poverty over time

   B. Factors contributing to the persistence of poverty

III. Global Perspectives

   A. Statistical data on poverty rates worldwide

   B. Regional variations and disparities

IV. The African Experience

   A. Unique challenges faced by Africa

   B. Impact of historical events on poverty in Africa

   C. Comparison with other regions

V. Root Causes of Poverty in Africa

   A. Economic factors

   B. Political influences

   C. Social and cultural dimensions

VI. Case Studies

   A. Highlighting specific countries in Africa

   B. Examining successful interventions and lessons learned

VII. International Efforts

   A. Overview of global initiatives to address poverty

   B. Effectiveness of interventions in Africa

VIII. Future Prospects

   A. Potential strategies for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa

   B. Importance of collaborative efforts on a global scale

IX. Conclusions

   A. Recap of key findings

   B. Call to action for continued efforts to combat poverty in Africa and worldwide

This article provides a structured framework to emphasize the impact of poverty, especially in Africa, while exploring its global context and potential solutions.

I. Introduction

   A. Brief overview of global poverty

Global poverty is a significant challenge, with almost 700 million people around the world living in extreme poverty, subsisting on less than $2.15 per day[4][5]. The poorest individuals often lack access to basic necessities such as food, clean water, education, and healthcare[1]. While there has been progress in reducing global poverty, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major setback, pushing millions of people into extreme poverty[2][5]. Understanding the scale of the problem and its dynamics is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat poverty and achieve sustainable development goals[1].

   B. Importance of understanding poverty dynamics

Understanding poverty dynamics is crucial for several reasons:

1. Policy development: Analyzing poverty dynamics helps inform the development of effective anti-poverty policies. By understanding the characteristics of the persistently poor and the circumstances and mechanisms associated with entry into and exit from poverty, governments can design policies that address the root causes of poverty and promote economic mobility[7].

2. Targeted interventions.: Distinguishing between temporary and persistent poverty is essential for focusing resources on the most vulnerable populations. By identifying individuals and households that are persistently poor or at risk of falling into poverty, policymakers can develop targeted interventions to support them[7].

3. Monitoring progress: Tracking changes in poverty over time allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of poverty reduction strategies. By monitoring poverty dynamics, policymakers can identify areas where progress has been made and where further efforts are needed[6].

4. Inclusive growth: Understanding poverty dynamics can help promote inclusive growth by addressing the social, cultural, and historical contexts that contribute to poverty. This can lead to more effective poverty reduction measures that integrate the views of people living in poverty[8].

5. Sustainable development goals: Analyzing poverty dynamics is essential for achieving the sustainable development goals, including the goal of ending poverty by 2030. By understanding the dynamics of poverty, policymakers can develop more effective strategies to address the root causes of poverty and promote sustainable development[10].

II Historical Context

   A. Evolution of poverty over time

The historical context of global poverty reveals a complex evolution of thinking and measurement over time. Key aspects of this evolution include:

1. Expansion of poverty definition**: The definition of poverty has expanded from a focus on income to encompass other dimensions of living standards, such as longevity, literacy, and healthiness[11].

2. Emergence of poverty dynamics**: The analysis of poverty dynamics has become increasingly important, as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of poverty and the factors contributing to it[13].

3. Global poverty reduction**: In recent decades, there have been significant gains in global poverty reduction, with the share of people living in extreme poverty decreasing from 81% in 1800 to 9.2% in 2018[12]. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed some of these gains, pushing millions of people back into extreme poverty[15].

4. China's and India's success**: The rapid development of China and India has played a significant role in global poverty reduction, with both countries experiencing substantial economic growth and poverty reduction[12].

5. Poverty measurement challenges**: The measurement of poverty has evolved over time, with the use of different methods and indicators. For example, the cost of basic needs (CBN) method has been used to estimate extreme poverty rates across the globe[14].

Understanding the historical context of global poverty is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat poverty and achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing the evolution of poverty measurement and the factors contributing to poverty reduction, policymakers can design more targeted and effective interventions to address the root causes of poverty and promote inclusive growth.

B. Factors contributing to the persistence of poverty

Factors contributing to the persistence of poverty include:

1. Unemployment: Evidence suggests that unemployment is closely associated with persistent poverty[16][17]. Lack of employment opportunities can lead to long-term poverty, as individuals struggle to meet their basic needs.

2. Retirement: Retirement can also contribute to poverty persistence, particularly for those who have not saved enough for retirement[16]. This can lead to a decline in living standards and an increased risk of poverty.

3. Unfavorable household structure: Single parenthood is associated with persistent poverty, particularly for women[16][19]. Other unfavorable household structures, such as large families or households with elderly or disabled members, can also contribute to poverty persistence.

4. Low education: Low educational qualifications are associated with persistent poverty[16][19]. Lack of education can limit employment opportunities and reduce earning potential, making it difficult to escape poverty.

5. Health problems: Health problems can also contribute to poverty persistence, particularly for those who lack access to healthcare or have high medical expenses[16].

6. Incentive problems : There is mixed evidence on whether incentive problems, such as welfare dependency, increase poverty persistence[16][17][20]. While some argue that welfare programs can create a poverty trap, others suggest that they can provide a safety net and promote economic mobility.

Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective anti-poverty policies that address the root causes of poverty and promote economic mobility. By focusing on the characteristics of the persistently poor and the circumstances and mechanisms associated with entry into and exit from poverty, policymakers can develop targeted interventions to support vulnerable populations and promote inclusive growth.

III. Global Perspectives

A. Statistical data on poverty rates worldwide

1. Global poverty rates : In 2022, about 682 million people (8.5% of the world population) lived in extreme poverty, subsisting on less than $2.15 per day[23]. This number is lower than the 1990 figure, when 1.9 billion people (41% of the world population) lived in extreme poverty[23].

2. Regional trends : The greatest reductions in people living in extreme poverty have occurred in East Asia and the Pacific, where the proportion of the population living in extreme poverty dropped from 53% in 1990 to 4% in 2022[23]. However, the greatest increases in extreme poverty have occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, and Nigeria experiencing the largest increases[23].

3. Gender and poverty : Women have higher poverty rates than men in almost all societies[24]. In 2022, children were more than twice as likely as adults to live in extreme poverty, comprising more than half of those living in extreme poverty[25].

4. Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa : Almost half of the world's population living in extreme poverty resides in Sub-Saharan Africa, with just over half of these people living in the region[25].

Understanding these statistical data on poverty rates worldwide is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat poverty and achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing the regional and gender-specific trends in poverty, policymakers can design targeted interventions to support vulnerable populations and promote inclusive growth.

B. Regional variations and disparities

1. Global poverty distribution: The global distribution of poverty is uneven, with the majority of people living in extreme poverty residing in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and East Asia[27].

2. Regional trends: The proportion of people living in extreme poverty has decreased in some regions, such as East Asia and the Pacific, while it has increased in others, like Sub-Saharan Africa[27].

3. National poverty trends: While most countries worldwide have seen a decrease in the number of people living in extreme poverty, levels of extreme poverty have remained constant or increased in 37 countries[27].

4. Gender and poverty: Women have higher poverty rates than men in almost all societies[29]. In 2022, children were more than twice as likely as adults to live in extreme poverty, comprising more than half of those living in extreme poverty[30].

5. Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Almost half of the world's population living in extreme poverty resides in Sub-Saharan Africa, with just over half of these people living in the region[30].

Understanding these regional variations and disparities in poverty is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat poverty and achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing the regional and gender-specific trends in poverty, policymakers can design targeted interventions to support vulnerable populations and promote inclusive growth.

IV. The African Experience

   A. Unique challenges faced by Africa

The unique challenges faced by Africa include:

1. Infrastructure Deficit: Africa grapples with an infrastructure deficit, including inadequate roads and ports, which can hinder the smooth flow of goods and services[31].

2. Terrorism and Conflict: The continent faces challenges related to terrorism, conflict resolution, and border closures, with militant groups expanding their reach in various regions[32][35].

3. COVID-19 Pandemic: The global pandemic has had a significant impact on Africa, pushing more than 55 million people into extreme poverty and reversing two decades of progress in poverty reduction[34].

4. Economic Impact: The economic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be felt, with inflation and attempts at taxation likely to trigger cost of living protests[35].

5. Resource Development Opportunities: Africa's abundant natural resources, competitive labor costs, and potential for increased intra-Africa trade present opportunities for economic development and investment[31][33].

Understanding these challenges is essential for the development of targeted interventions and policies to address the specific needs of the African continent and support its resilience and sustainable development.

   B. Impact of historical events on poverty in Africa

The impact of historical events on poverty in Africa can be traced back to various factors, including:

1. Colonialism: The legacy of colonialism has contributed to poverty in Africa, as it led to the exploitation of resources and the establishment of unequal economic structures[36].

2. Debt Crisis: The African debt crisis in the 1980s and 1990s had a significant impact on poverty, as the continent's poor suffered from the negative consequences of high levels of external and internal debt[37].

3. Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs): The implementation of SAPs in the 1980s and 1990s led to austerity measures, which had mixed effects on poverty reduction in Africa[37]. While some argue that SAPs contributed to poverty reduction, others suggest that they exacerbated poverty by reducing public services and increasing inequality[37].

4. Population Growth: High population growth in Africa has been identified as a major challenge to poverty reduction, as it increases the demand for resources and services without a corresponding increase in supply[37].

5. Resource Dependence: Africa's increasing reliance on natural resources for income growth rather than agriculture has been a concern, as it can lead to resource-dependent economies that are vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices[37].

Understanding these historical events and their impact on poverty in Africa is crucial for the development of targeted interventions and policies to address the specific needs of the continent and support its resilience and sustainable development.

   C. Comparison with other regions

Comparing poverty in Africa with other regions reveals several key differences:

1. Regional distribution: Africa has the largest share of extreme poverty rates globally, with 23 of the world's poorest 28 countries having extreme poverty rates above 30%[42]. In contrast, East Asia and the Pacific have experienced the greatest national reductions in people living in extreme poverty, with the proportion of people living in extreme poverty decreasing from 53% in 1990 to 4% in 2022[42].

2. Progress in poverty reduction: While most countries worldwide have seen a decrease in the number of people living in extreme poverty, levels of extreme poverty have remained constant or increased in 37 countries[2]. In contrast, China and India have experienced the greatest national reductions in people living in extreme poverty, with more than 1.1 billion people living in these countries moving above the absolute poverty line within the last 25 years[45].

3. Regional targets: North Africa has met the SDG target of a poverty rate below 3% in 2019, while Sub-Saharan Africa has not[43]. This highlights the significant regional differences in poverty reduction efforts and outcomes.

Understanding these regional comparisons is crucial for the development of targeted interventions and policies to address the specific needs of different regions and support their resilience and sustainable development.

V. Root Causes of Poverty in Africa

   A. Economic factors

The root causes of poverty in Africa are multifaceted and include various economic factors. These factors encompass:

1. Corruption and Poor Governance: Bad governance, characterized by corruption, weak institutions, and lack of accountability, creates an environment where resources are often mismanaged or embezzled, leading to limited public investment in social services such as healthcare and education[49].

2. Limited Employment Opportunities: High rates of unemployment, particularly among the youth, make it difficult for many Africans to secure a stable livelihood[48].

3. Income Inequality: Africa experiences high levels of income inequality, with an extremely uneven distribution of wealth leaving many struggling to meet their basic needs[48].

4.Economic Instability: Economic instability, including uneven distribution of natural and government resources, and economic policies that sometimes fail to prioritize the needs of the most vulnerable citizens, contributes to the prevalence of poverty in Africa[49].

5. Resource Dependence and High Population Growth: Africa's increasing reliance on natural resources for income growth, rather than agricultural development, and high fertility rates leading to high population growth, are also identified as significant economic factors contributing to persistent poverty[50].

These economic factors, along with other social, political, and environmental elements, contribute to the complex and multi-dimensional nature of poverty in Africa. Addressing these root causes requires comprehensive and targeted strategies that promote good governance, create employment opportunities, reduce income inequality, and foster sustainable economic development.

B. Political influences

Political influences are also significant root causes of poverty in Africa. These include:

1. Corruption and inadequate governance, marked by bribery, feeble institutions, and a lack of transparency, foster an atmosphere where resources are frequently mishandled or misappropriated. This results in restricted public investment in essential social services like healthcare and education.[51][54].

2. Political Instability: Political instability, including conflict and terrorism, can lead to economic instability and hinder poverty reduction efforts[52][55].

3. Elections and Democracy: Elections and democracy can play a role in poverty reduction, but only if they are free and fair and lead to inclusive governance[53].

4. Resource Dependence: Africa's increasing reliance on natural resources for income growth, rather than agricultural development, can lead to resource-dependent economies that are vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices and political instability[54].

Addressing these political influences requires comprehensive and targeted strategies that promote good governance, reduce corruption, and foster sustainable economic development. By promoting inclusive governance and reducing political instability, policymakers can create an environment that supports poverty reduction and sustainable development in Africa.

   C. Social and cultural dimensions

Social and cultural dimensions are also significant root causes of poverty in Africa. These include:

1. Culture of Poverty: The culture of poverty theory suggests that poverty is perpetuated by a set of values and behaviors that are passed down from generation to generation[56][57]. This theory has been criticized for being overly simplistic and failing to account for the structural factors that contribute to poverty[57].

2. Communalism: In traditional African societies, poverty and wealth were communal, and communality defined people's existence[59]. However, this communalism has been eroded by modernization and globalization, leading to increased individualism and inequality[59].

3. Cultural Values: Cultural values, such as the importance of social relationships and community, can influence economic decision-making in Africa[3]. Understanding these values is crucial for developing effective poverty reduction strategies that are culturally appropriate and sensitive.

4. Social Isolation: Social isolation is a significant dimension of poverty for people in many African societies, with poverty often leading to exclusion from social networks and a lack of access to social services[60].

Addressing these social and cultural dimensions requires comprehensive and targeted strategies that promote inclusive growth, reduce inequality, and foster sustainable economic development. By promoting cultural sensitivity and understanding the social and cultural context of poverty, policymakers can develop interventions that are more effective and sustainable.

VI. Case Studies

   A. Highlighting specific countries in Africa

Some of the major challenges faced by Africa include terrorism, conflict resolution, border closures, immigration, and the impact of the global pandemic. The global pandemic has pushed more than 55 million Africans into extreme poverty and reversed two decades of hard work in poverty reduction. Additionally, Africa grapples with an infrastructure deficit, high unemployment, income inequality, and a culture of poverty. These challenges threaten to undermine decades of development gains and cast a shadow over the continent's future. However, Africa also presents new opportunities, including increased intra-Africa trade, a youthful and talented population, and a rapidly growing digital economy. Despite these challenges, Africa has demonstrated resilience, innovation, and solidarity during the COVID-19 global health emergency, offering the continent an opportunity to reimagine a more prosperous, less vulnerable, and more united future.

   B. Examining successful interventions and lessons learned

There are several successful interventions and lessons learned from development projects in Africa. For example, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has implemented successful humanitarian interventions in Ghana, including mainstreaming humanitarian interventions into the country's program and budgeting for annual work plans[66]. Additionally, UNESCO has identified successful cases in Africa with regard to the use of self-benefitting funds to strengthen project/programme implementation[67]. 

However, there have also been failed development projects in Africa, highlighting the complexities and challenges of poverty reduction efforts. By analyzing the causes of these failures, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the effectiveness of future projects and interventions[68]. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on poverty in Africa, pushing more than 55 million people into extreme poverty and reversing two decades of hard work in poverty reduction[69]. Economic experts are calling on African governments to create programs for social protection and increase production to stimulate the African economy and create jobs[69]. 

Overall, successful interventions and lessons learned in Africa highlight the importance of careful planning, community engagement, transparency, and robust monitoring and evaluation in poverty reduction efforts. By incorporating local knowledge, addressing specific needs and aspirations, and promoting transparency and accountability, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the impact and sustainability of development projects and interventions in Africa[68][69].

VII. International Efforts  

A. Overview of global initiatives to address poverty

Global initiatives to address poverty include the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The SDGs include a specific goal of ending poverty in all its forms by 2030[71]. The World Bank also has a goal of reducing extreme poverty to less than 3% by 2030[71]. 

To achieve these goals, global initiatives focus on a range of interventions, including increasing access to education, healthcare, and basic infrastructure, promoting inclusive economic growth, and reducing inequality[71]. The World Bank and other international organizations provide financial and technical assistance to countries to support poverty reduction efforts[72]. 

However, despite these efforts, poverty remains a significant challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where almost half of the world's population living in extreme poverty resides[71]. To address this challenge, policymakers and development practitioners must continue to develop and implement effective interventions that address the root causes of poverty and promote sustainable development.

   B. Effectiveness of interventions in Africa

There have been several interventions in Africa that have been successful in reducing poverty. For example, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has implemented successful humanitarian interventions in Ghana, including mainstreaming humanitarian interventions into the country's program and budgeting for annual work plans[77]. Additionally, a systematic literature review identified educational interventions with an impact on student learning in Sub-Saharan Africa[76]. 

However, there have also been failed development projects in Africa, highlighting the complexities and challenges of poverty reduction efforts. By analyzing the causes of these failures, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the effectiveness of future projects and interventions[80]. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on poverty in Africa, pushing more than 55 million people into extreme poverty and reversing two decades of hard work in poverty reduction[79]. Economic experts are calling on African governments to create programs for social protection and increase production to stimulate the African economy and create jobs[79]. 

Successful interventions in Africa highlight the importance of careful planning, community engagement, transparency, and robust monitoring and evaluation in poverty reduction efforts. By incorporating local knowledge, addressing specific needs and aspirations, and promoting transparency and accountability, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the impact and sustainability of development projects and interventions in Africa[76][77].

VIII. Future Prospects

   A. Potential strategies for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa

Potential strategies for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa include:

1. Investing in Agriculture: Increasing agricultural productivity, especially for food crops, can help reduce poverty in Africa[81][83]. This can be achieved through investments in irrigation, mechanization, and research and development.

2. Promoting Inclusive Economic Growth: Promoting inclusive economic growth that benefits all segments of society can help reduce poverty in Africa[81][84]. This can be achieved through policies that promote job creation, entrepreneurship, and access to finance.

3. Improving Access to Education and Healthcare: Improving access to education and healthcare can help reduce poverty in Africa by increasing human capital and improving health outcomes[81][84]. This can be achieved through investments in education and healthcare infrastructure, as well as policies that promote access to these services.

4. Addressing Corruption and Poor Governance: Addressing corruption and poor governance can help reduce poverty in Africa by ensuring that resources are used effectively and efficiently[81][84]. This can be achieved through policies that promote transparency, accountability, and good governance.

5. Reducing Fertility Rates: Reducing fertility rates can help reduce poverty in Africa by reducing the burden on resources and increasing economic opportunities for women[81][83]. This can be achieved through policies that promote family planning and women's empowerment.

These strategies require comprehensive and targeted interventions that address the specific needs and aspirations of different regions and promote sustainable economic development. By incorporating local knowledge, addressing specific needs and aspirations, and promoting transparency and accountability, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the impact and sustainability of poverty reduction efforts in Africa[81][84].

   B. Importance of collaborative efforts on a global scale

Collaborative efforts on a global scale are crucial for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa. Effective global collaborations can help tackle complex global challenges and seize opportunities, whether in business, academia, non-profit organizations, or government[86]. Collaborative efforts can help improve quality of life on a global scale, and many organizations provide volunteer time off, collaborating with area[87]. 

Collaboration can help generate lasting solutions to poverty reduction by bringing together diverse perspectives, expertise, and resources to address complex challenges and drive sustainable development[89]. Collaborative efforts in agriculture can enhance climate resilience through diverse approaches, and regional collaboration can foster[90]. 

In conclusion, collaborative efforts on a global scale are essential for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa. By embracing shared goals, effective communication, and continuous learning, partnerships can unlock innovative solutions and foster a better future for all[90].

IX. Conclusions

   A. Recap of key findings

Key findings from the research on poverty in Africa include:

1. Poverty remains a significant challenge in many parts of Africa, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where almost half of the world's population living in extreme poverty resides.

2. The root causes of poverty in Africa are multifaceted and include various economic, political, social, and cultural factors.

3. Successful interventions in Africa highlight the importance of careful planning, community engagement, transparency, and robust monitoring and evaluation in poverty reduction efforts.

4. Collaborative efforts on a global scale are essential for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa.

5. Potential strategies for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa include investing in agriculture, promoting inclusive economic growth, improving access to education and healthcare, addressing corruption and poor governance, and reducing fertility rates.

Overall, addressing poverty in Africa requires comprehensive and targeted interventions that address the specific needs and aspirations of different regions and promote sustainable economic development. By incorporating local knowledge, addressing specific needs and aspirations, and promoting transparency and accountability, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the impact and sustainability of poverty reduction efforts in Africa. (91,92,93,94,95)

   B. Call to action for continued efforts to combat poverty in Africa and worldwide

The research on poverty in Africa highlights the persistence of poverty in the region, despite record economic growth. Poverty in Africa is multifaceted and includes various economic, political, social, and cultural factors. Successful interventions in Africa highlight the importance of careful planning, community engagement, transparency, and robust monitoring and evaluation in poverty reduction efforts. Collaborative efforts on a global scale are essential for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa. Potential strategies for sustainable poverty reduction in Africa include investing in agriculture, promoting inclusive economic growth, improving access to education and healthcare, addressing corruption and poor governance, and reducing fertility rates. 

To combat poverty in Africa and worldwide, there is a need for continued efforts and collaboration among governments, development practitioners, and other stakeholders. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The World Bank also has a goal of reducing extreme poverty to less than 3% by 2030. Achieving these goals requires comprehensive and targeted interventions that address the specific needs and aspirations of different regions and promote sustainable economic development. By incorporating local knowledge, addressing specific needs and aspirations, and promoting transparency and accountability, policymakers and development practitioners can enhance the impact and sustainability of poverty reduction efforts in Africa and worldwide.

Some notable projects by African women artists that address poverty

1. Cherotich Kenei and the Cherehani Africa Foundation: The Cherehani Africa Foundation, led by Cherotich Kenei, is a social enterprise in Kenya that has impacted over five hundred women's lives, aiming to showcase a different reality from the norm and inspire the uptake of their approach in poverty eradication in underserved regions[101, 106].

2. Rwandan Artists for Social Justice: Rwandan artists like Kakizi Jemima Akimanizanye are using their creativity to advocate for social change, addressing issues such as teenage pregnancy, gender-based violence, environmental protection, and mental health through art[104, 109].

3. African Artists Fighting Poverty Through Art and Advocacy: African artists, including women, are using their work and influence to combat poverty and promote social change. They employ various artistic mediums to capture the multifaceted nature of poverty and challenge societal norms and stereotypes[105, 110].

These projects exemplify the efforts of African women artists in using their art to address and raise awareness about poverty in Africa.

These projects exemplify the efforts of African women artists in using their art to address and raise awareness about poverty in Africa.

Curator : Montse Domínguez i Munllonch 

Pic by Francesco Tomasini

Keywords and Hashtags

• Keywords:

Global poverty

Poverty dynamics

Africa's challenges

Economic disparities

Social inequality

International development

Poverty reduction strategies

Historical impact on poverty

Regional variations in poverty

Sustainable development goals

African economies

Intervention success stories

Collaborative efforts

Root causes of poverty

Human-centric approach

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#PovertyReduction

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#GlobalImpact

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This additional information offers a diverse array of resources for a comprehensive understanding of poverty worldwide, with a particular focus on Africa

Books:

1. "Africa's Development in Historical Perspective" by Emmanuel Akyeampong and Robert Bates

2. "Out of Poverty: Sweatshops in the Global Economy" by Benjamin Powell

3. "The Challenge for Africa" by Wangari Maathai

4. "Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump" by Joseph E. Stiglitz

5. "The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Brief and Idiosyncratic History of Global Inequality" by Branko Milanovic

Academic Journals:

1. "African Development Review"

2. "World Development Perspectives"

3. "Journal of Contemporary African Studies"

4. "Journal of African Economies"

5. "African Journal of Economic and Management Studies"

Articles:

1. "Understanding the Root Causes of Poverty in Africa" (The Conversation)

2. "Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current and Emerging Issues" (World Bank Research Observer)

3. "African Poverty: A Grand Challenge for Sustainable Development" (Brookings Institution)

4. "The Dynamics of Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of South Africa" (Sustainable Development)

5. "Inequality and Poverty in Africa: A Global Perspective" (International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability)

Websites/Organizations:

1. [African Union - Poverty] Reduction](https://au.int/en/topics/poverty-reduction)

2. [International Poverty Centre](https://ipcig.org/)

3. [African Poverty Portal]https://www.africanpovertyrelief.org/

4. [Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data - Africa]https://www.data4sdgs.org/blog/creative-partnerships-we-can-harness-data-end-extreme-poverty

Documentary/Films:

1. "Poverty in Africa" (Al Jazeera)

2. "A Closer Walk" (2003) - Explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on individuals and communities in Africa.

3. "Africa's Great Civilizations" (PBS) - Explores the history of Africa, including periods of prosperity and challenges.

4. "Living on One Dollar" (2013) - Follows the experiences of individuals living in extreme poverty in rural Guatemala.

5. "The True Cost" (2015) - Examines the fashion industry's impact on people and the planet, including aspects related to poverty.

TED Talks:

1. [Andrew Youn - "3 Reasons Why We Can Win the Fight Against Poverty"](https://www.ted.com/talks/andrew_youn_3_reasons_why_we_can_win_the_fight_against_poverty)

2. [George Ayittey - "Cheetahs vs. Hippos for Africa's Future"](https://www.ted.com/talks/george_ayittey_on_cheetahs_vs_hippos)

3. [Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - "How Africa Can Keep Rising"](https://www.ted.com/talks/ngozi_okonjo_iweala_how_africa_can_keep_risin)

4. [Chinwe Ohajunwa - "The Role of Youth in Combating Poverty in Africa"](https://www.ted.com/tedx)

5. [Binyavanga Wainaina - "How to Write about Africa"](https://www.ted.com/tedx)

.

CITATIONS

[1] https://ourworldindata.org/poverty

[2] https://devinit.org/resources/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national/

[3] https://www.worldvision.org/sponsorship-news-stories/global-poverty-facts

[4] https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview

[5] https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty

[6] https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/pdf/Chapter-8.pdf

[7] https://wol.iza.org/articles/poverty-persistence-and-poverty-dynamics

[8] https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Poverty-Wellbeing/addressingpovertyinpractice/Pages/Understanding-Poverty.aspx

[9] https://ourworldindata.org/poverty

[10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256086915_Understanding_Poverty_Dynamics_and_Economic_Mobility

[11] https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/evolution_of_thinking_about_poverty%20Kanbur%20Sept%201999.pdf

[12] https://cepr.shorthandstories.com/history-poverty/

[13] https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/pdf/Chapter-8.pdf

[14] https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/e20f2f1a-en/index.html?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fcomponent%2Fe20f2f1a-en

[15] https://ourworldindata.org/poverty

[16] https://wol.iza.org/articles/poverty-persistence-and-poverty-dynamics/long

[17] https://wol.iza.org/articles/poverty-persistence-and-poverty-dynamics

[18] https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/pdf/Chapter-8.pdf

[19] https://www.jrf.org.uk/care/the-persistence-of-poverty-across-generations

[20] https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/12/pdf/books.pdf

Citations:

[21] https://ourworldindata.org/poverty

[22] https://icepoverty.pbworks.com/f/Poverty+A+Global+Perspective.pdf

[23] https://devinit.org/resources/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national/

[24] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316228006_Poverty_in_Global_Perspective

[25] https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview

[26] https://www.oecd.org/social/inequality-and-poverty.htm

[27] https://devinit.org/resources/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national/

[28] https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/pdf/Chapter-8.pdf

[29] https://icepoverty.pbworks.com/f/Poverty+A+Global+Perspective.pdf

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